The Symphony Gramophone and Radio
Company Limited
| In the summer of 1928, radio production at A.J.S.
ended, and their Stewart Street works were put up for sale. The works
were purchased by a new business venture, the Symphony Gramophone and
Radio Company Limited, which was registered on 5th October, 1928. Their
registered office was at 1 Cornhill, London and the works were taken
over on 30th October. The selling price was £15,375. |
|

A plan of the works. |
The new company not only purchased the buildings, but also
the contents, including the machinery and radio components.
About 100 people were employed in the works, presumably most of
them were ex-A.J.S. employees. Symphony's product range
included a battery-powered radiogram, with a wind-up turntable,
a transportable receiver, a five-valve portable receiver, a
deluxe mains-powered radiogram and high quality loudspeakers in
cabinets.
All of the cabinets and loudspeakers were made in-house, and an
advanced technique, a little like a modern printed circuit board,
was used for connecting the electronic components in many of the
company's products. Brass pressings were riveted onto a sheet of
bakelite and special hollow rivets were used instead of valveholders.
Assembly of the chassis was a very quick and simple affair and some
of the components, such as switches, knobs, and valves appear to be
obsolete A.J.S. stock.
|
| Another advanced technique involved a special finish that
was given to the cabinets on some of the models. The cabinets
appeared to be veneered in burr-walnut, but in fact it was plain
wood. The realistic walnut finish involved a secret photographic
process, possibly originally developed by A.J.S. It was used on
some A.J.S. metal horn loudspeakers. Only photographic staff
were allowed into the photographic area, which was out of bounds
for everyone else. |

The works as they are today. |
| The company also used elliptical loudspeakers, which give a
good all-round frequency response. Symphony must have been one
of the first manufacturers, if not actually the first to produce
elliptical cones. Mel Price ran the company and later worked
in Lichfield Street Co-op. The radiograms and radios were
designed by a gentleman who lived at Cannock.
Loudspeakers were produced in a building at the back of the
yard, known as "the boat house", because a ramp led up to the
entrance. About 50 young girls were employed on assembly of
reed-type and moving coil units. The loudspeakers were produced
for inclusion in the radiograms and radios, and also as stand
alone units. The cases were assembled in the cabinet making
department.
The Products |
| The Symphony battery-
powered radiogram. |
|
Battery Powered Radiogram
The battery powered radiogram uses the company's "printed circuit"
technique, with the components mounted onto a bakelite board and
connected by shaped brass pieces, which are riveted in place. This may
well have been the first type of modern circuit board used in this
country. The only other manufacturer I have so far found who adopted
this technique was Blaupunkt in Germany.
It has a large internal frame aerial, which fills half of the cabinet
and can be rotated by a large knob on the front panel. The aerial has
two coils, one for Long Wave and one for Medium Wave, and the aerial
rotating knob also acts as the wavechange switch. For half of its
rotation, the radio is switched to Long Wave and for the other half it
is switched to Medium Wave. The receiver is very sensitive and performs
extremely well for a T.R.F. design from the 1920s. The radiogram has a
large elliptical reed-type loudspeaker and sounds very good indeed. It
has an oak cabinet, uses a B.T.H. tone arm and pickup head, and a
wind-up Collaro turntable. |
| The top view of the radiogram. The
panel on the left covers the valves, the large knob in the
centre rotates the internal frame aerial and also acts as a
wavechange switch.
The pick-up and tone arm are made by
B.T.H. and the wind-up turntable is a Collaro type A28. |
 |
 |
The
underside of the circuit board showing the brass strips and
rivets. |
| The circuit board showing
the compact form of construction, for the time. |
 |

The circuit diagram of the battery powered
radiogram.
| V1 |
T.R.F. receiver with a balanced frame aerial. |
| V2 |
Radio frequency amplifier. |
| V3 |
Detector and first audio amplifier for the radio. |
| V4 |
Audio pre-amplifier. |
| V5 |
Audio output stage.
|
The radiogram was available in oak, mahogany, or burr
walnut, and could also be purchased without the lower record
storage cabinet. Prices were as follows:
| Oak |
35 guineas |
| Mahogany |
37 guineas |
| Burr Walnut |
48 guineas |
| Without the record cabinet |
From 32 guineas |
|
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|

The Symphony Transportable Receiver. |
The Transportable Receiver
This receiver uses an almost identical circuit board to the
battery-powered radiogram and performs equally well. Unlike the
radiogram it has two separate frame aerials and a turntable on the
bottom, so that the case can be freely rotated to obtain the strongest
signal. The receivers were solidly built and produced in large numbers
The two handles are identical to those used on A.J.S. Type 'F'
pedestal models and so were presumably made in-house. |
| Unlike A.J.S. the company purchased most of the
components such as transformers, coils, resistors, and
capacitors. The resistors and capacitors were made by the
National Radio Company, and as Symphony produced receivers
for them, there may have been a link between the two
companies.
The receiver has two wavebands, Long Wave and Short Wave.
The short waveband doesn't cover what we think of as short
wave today, it actually covers about two thirds of the
medium waveband. |

The inside of the receiver. |

The circuit diagram of the Transportable Receiver.
| V1 |
T.R.F. receiver with a balanced frame aerial. |
| V2 |
Radio frequency amplifier. |
| V3 |
Detector and first audio amplifier. |
| V4 |
Second audio amplifier. |
| V5 |
Audio output stage.
|
| The two photographs above show the tuning capacitor,
which was made in-house. The design is almost identical to
the later A.J.S. types, except that brass is used for the
plates instead of aluminium. |
 |
The reaction capacitor and
adjusting knob. On the control panel it is called "volume". |
| The loudspeaker mechanism with the
cone removed. The reed mechanism appears to be very similar
to what was used on the A.J.S. Symphony portable receiver
and so is probably the same design.
The elliptical cone is made from
varnished card and uses a strip of felt for the suspension.
The loudspeaker performs extremely
well for such a simple design and is presumably helped by
the rigid and lightweight elliptical construction. |
 |
 |
The underside of the circuit board
showing the shaped brass strips. On first glance it looks
very similar to a modern printed circuit board. |
| A view of the top of the circuit
board, which is very similar to the one used in the
radiogram. |
 |
 |
The receiver removed from the
case. The two frame aerials
can be clearly seen around the outside of the wooden frame.
The one at the front is for Short Wave and the Long Wave
coil is at the rear. |
| A close-up view of the
circuit board. |
|
 |
 |
The serial number is 285, which
suggests that it was made fairly early on. |
| A final view of the
transportable receiver showing its handsome appearance. |
|
 |
|

A Symphony portable receiver. Courtesy
of |
The Battery Portable Receiver.
The Symphony portable receivers were built by three men who
worked on the ground floor of the main Stewart Street
building, just to the right of the entrance.
The receiver used the standard type of Symphony circuit
board and had two frame aerials, one for Medium Wave inside
the front of the case, and one for Long Wave in the opening
back. It used the company's standard elliptical loudspeaker
and sold for £17.17s.6d. |
|

The control panel. Courtesy of Colin
Fisher. |


| The version of
Symphony's portable that was produced for the
National Radio Company. |
|
Symphony also made a version of their portable receiver
for the National Radio Company of Birmingham. Although the
receivers were built by Symphony they carried the National
name.
They are identical to Symphony's own portable, as seen
above, except for the case. |
|

The inside of the National receiver. |
|

Another view of the receiver. |
|

The control panel on the National
receiver. |
|

The underside of the circuit board. |
|

The top of the circuit board. |

A National portable receiver. Courtesy of
Steve Harris of
On the Air Limited. |
What is possibly an earlier version of the National receiver.
The controls are not as refined as in the later version. |

|
A view of the inside of the earlier
National portable. Courtesy of Steve Harris of
On the Air Limited. |
|

The circuit diagram of the portable receiver.
|

The Symphony "Oval" loudspeaker. |
The company had a stand at the Radio Show at Olympia in
September, 1929. On display were the "Oval" loudspeaker and two types of
radiogram; the battery powered model and the Symphony "De luxe".
The elliptical loudspeaker was mounted in a novel,
oval-shaped wooden cabinet with a woven cane grill. The loudspeaker had
a reed-type movement that drove a cone diaphragm and sold for £3.10s.0d.
|
| The Symphony "De luxe" radiogram was housed in a
high quality cabinet and mains powered. The
turntable was driven by an electric motor, and in
the cabinet was a large moving coil loudspeaker with
a special form of suspension.
Unlike the battery powered radiogram, the "De luxe" model
featured an all metal chassis. Indirectly heated valves were
used and the audio amplifier was powerful enough to provide
dance music for a small hall. The radio had an internal frame
aerial and featured a screen grid R.F. amplifier for high
sensitivity.
It sold for £125.
|

The Symphony "De luxe" radiogram. |
Very high quality, one-off radiograms, with large audio
push-pull output stages were also produced. Each one costing
several hundred pounds. Some of the radiograms featured the
burr-walnut finish, which was produced using the special
photographic technique.
|

An advert from the Illustrated London News, 27th
April, 1929.

From the Illustrated
London News,
14th December, 1929. |
|

From the Illustrated London News, 5th
October, 1929. |

Another advert from October 1929.
| Symphony also produced the Symphony All-Mains Unit, a
mains-powered battery eliminator. The AC version sold for
£20 and the DC version sold for £15. |
| A Sad End Unfortunately the company was not successful. The
battery-powered radiogram appears to have sold in large numbers,
but suffered from a serious problem. The bakelite sheet onto
which the components were mounted was very thin, and would
frequently warp and bend, under the weight of the components.
The added stress that this placed on the thin brass rivets,
which secured the brass connecting strips, would often lead to
failure. The rivets would either break or stretch, leading to a
poor connection. If a thicker piece of bakelite had been used,
or if the board had been better supported, this would not have
happened. Hundreds of the radiograms were returned and this
eventually led to the company's demise.
The Symphony Gramophone and Radio Company Limited went into
liquidation on 17th March, 1930. Henry Morgan of 54 New Broad
Street, London was appointed as liquidator. The company had
clearly been in financial difficulties for some time.
On January 2nd, 1930 the Plessey Company Limited of Vicarage
Lane, Ilford, one of Symphony's creditors, handed a petition to
the Chancery Division of the Companies Court in an attempt to
obtain money that was owing to them. The petition was also
signed by the Igranic Electric Company Limited, Saxton
Chatterton & Company Limited, James Relle Morris, D.M. Davies
(Woodwork) Limited and 123 of Symphony's other creditors.
The Court ordered that the Symphony Gramophone and Radio
Company Limited should be wound up under the provisions of the
Companies Act of 1929.
The company's assets were duly sold including the factory,
which was purchased by Birmingham estate agents Thomas Foden
Flint and Alfred Edward Jones. It sold for £1,175.
Apart from the problem with the circuit boards, the
radiograms worked extremely well. At least one working model still
survives and it is extremely sensitive for a T.R.F. receiver of that
period. The company produced high quality products, which when working,
could compete favourably with anything else on the market at the time.
If a thicker piece of bakelite had been used for the circuit boards in
the battery-powered radiograms, it could all have ended very
differently.

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We would like to thank ex-Symphony employee, Charles
Weight, for his help in producing this brief company history.
If anyone has any information about the company, or
knows of any surviving products, please email
bevparker@blueyonder.co.uk. I will be delighted to hear from you.
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